The model was proven to be a convenient complement to standard weather stations particularly for sites where eddy covariance or similar equipment is not available.įorests play a pivotal role in regulating climate and sustaining the hydrological cycle. The transferability of previously calibrated model parameters and the use of MODIS to derive dynamic vegetation parameters enabled rapid yet reasonable predictions. Overall, the tRIBS model captured both seasonal and diurnal cycles of the energy partitioning and soil temperatures across all four stations, as indicated by the model assessment metrics, although large uncertainties appeared in the prediction of ground heat flux, surface, and root-zone soil moisture at some stations.
UPPER VOLTA WITH MISSILES SCHMIDT 1988 SERIES
New dynamic vegetation parameter time series were updated according to MODIS imagery at each site. Calibrated model parameters, mostly related to the soil, were then transferred to two other EC sites in Oklahoma with similar soil and vegetation types. One cropland and one grassland EC site in northern Oklahoma, USA, were used to tune the model with respect to energy fluxes, soil temperature, and moisture. to test the predictability of micro-meteorological, soil-related, and energy flux-related variables.
UPPER VOLTA WITH MISSILES SCHMIDT 1988 SIMULATOR
In this study, dynamic (i.e., time-evolving) vegetation parameters were derived from remotely sensed Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery and coupled with a physics-based land surface model (tin-based Real-time Integrated Basin Simulator (tRIBS)) at four eddy covariance (EC) sites in south-central U.S. One of the benefits of training a process-based, land surface model is the capacity to use it in ungauged sites as a complement to standard weather stations for predicting energy fluxes, evapotranspiration, and surface and root-zone soil temperature and moisture. These alterations in rainfall and atmospheric circulation could impact the rich Andean ecosystems and its tropical glaciers. Over these valleys, a weakening of the daytime upslope winds is caused by local deforestation, which reduces the turbulent fluxes at lowlands.
At local scale, nighttime precipitation decreases in Bolivian valleys (~ 20–30%) due to a strong reduction in the humidity transport from the Amazon plains towards the Andes linked to the South American low-level jet. Consequently, major deforestation impacts are observed over the hydro-climate of the Amazon-Andes transition region. Atmospheric stability increases over the western Amazon and the tropical Andes inhibiting convection in these areas. In addition, during this season, deforestation increases the atmospheric subsidence over the southern Amazon and weakens the regional Hadley cell. Regionally, deforestation leads to a reduction in the surface net radiation, evaporation, moisture convergence and precipitation (~ 20%) over the entire Amazon basin. Using 10-years high-resolution simulations (2001–2011) with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model, we analyze control and deforestation scenario simulations. This study evaluates the impacts of Amazonian deforestation on the hydro-climatic connectivity between the Amazon and the eastern tropical Andes during the austral summer (December–January–February) in terms of hydrological and energetic balances. Due to precipitation recycling, the southwestern Amazon, including the Amazon-Andes transition region, is particularly sensitive to forest loss. Modifications to the terrain‐forced circulation by irrigation has the potential to affect moisture transport and thus cloud and precipitation formation over the Great Plains.Īmazonian deforestation has accelerated during the last decade, threatening an ecosystem where almost one third of the regional rainfall is transpired by the local rainforest. Additionally, the presence of irrigation decreases daytime sensible heat flux (Bowen ratio reduced 40% compared to non‐irrigated regions), weakening turbulent transport of momentum. This leads to the reduction in the afternoon and evening upslope wind and is supported through comparisons to the High‐Resolution Rapid Refresh operational model, which does not explicitly account for irrigation. We find that irrigation applied to upslope regions of gently sloping terrain reduces terrain‐induced baroclinicity and the associated pressure gradient force by up to two‐thirds. Using these observations, we examine how irrigation affects diurnal terrain‐generated slope circulations, specifically the slope wind. In order to understand the impact of irrigation on weather and climate, the 2018 Great Plains Irrigation Experiment collected comprehensive observations straddling irrigated and non‐irrigated regions in southeast Nebraska.
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